Back to essays
Investing · Method

Value meets quant: a personal approach

2026-07-24 · 6 min read · audio 1:42
Value meets quant
Audio version · MiniMax TTS · male-qn-jingying

Value investing: the core idea

Value investing was proposed by Benjamin Graham in 1934 and refined by Warren Buffett. Buy an asset at a price materially below its intrinsic value, then wait for the market to recognise that value.

Four core principles

  1. Stock = part of a business — buying a stock means buying a stake in a real company
  2. Margin of safety — only buy when price is materially below intrinsic value
  3. Mr. Market — view the market as an emotional quoting service, not as truth
  4. Long-term holding — a quality business is the friend of time

The classic five-step stock screen (Graham + Buffett)

  1. ROE above 15% (long-term average)
  2. Gross margin above 40%
  3. Debt ratio below 50%
  4. Free cash flow positive and growing
  5. Competent management (buybacks, dividends, capital discipline)

Quantitative investing: not the opposite of value

Quantitative investing looks like a different method, but its underlying logic does not actually conflict with value investing. Use mathematics, data, and algorithms to surface repeatable statistical edges from historical patterns.

Four schools of quant

SchoolTimeframeSuitable for individuals
High-frequency trading (HFT)MicrosecondsNot suitable (datacenter + co-location required)
Statistical arbitrageSeconds to minutesHard (small accounts uncompetitive)
Multi-factor stock selectionWeeks to monthsBest fit for individuals
CTA / trend followingDays to weeksAccessible

Value × Quant: a combined framework for individuals

The two seemingly opposite systems can be combined in a complementary way. Value investing = stock selection logic (what to buy). Quantitative investing = execution discipline (how and when to buy).

Four-step combined process

  1. Step 1: Value screen (filter out the bad on fundamentals)
  2. Step 2: Quantitative ranking (factor-score the rest)
  3. Step 3: Portfolio construction (diversification + position sizing)
  4. Step 4: Periodic rebalance (quarterly or semi-annually)

Tools recommended for individuals

Three takeaways